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2026 Nobel Prize in Medicine celebrates the pioneers of optogenetics
The 2026 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel for their pioneering discoveries in optogenetics, a field that has revolutionized our ability to investigate and control biological processes using light.
Building on fundamental studies of microbial photoreceptors, particularly algal channelrhodopsins, their research established the foundations of a technology that enables the precise and timely optical control of cellular activity. Initially developed for neuroscience, optogenetics has since expanded into many areas of biology and biomedicine, providing powerful tools to manipulate ion transport, intracellular signaling and cellular functions.
The Italian biophysics community has also contributed to research in this rapidly evolving field. In particular, Aba Losi, of the Biophysics Group at the University of Parma, has collaborated with Nobel laureates Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel on several studies investigating the molecular mechanisms of light-sensitive proteins and their potential as optogenetic tools.These collaborations, resulting in four joint publications between 2004 and 2013, addressed the photophysical properties of LOV (Light, Oxygen, Voltage) domains and the characterization of light-activated adenylyl cyclases, including bPAC, a small bacterial enzyme capable of controlling intracellular cAMP levels upon illumination. These studies illustrate how fundamental investigations into the molecular mechanisms of biological photoreception can contribute to the development of new approaches for the optical control of cellular processes.
The 2026 Nobel Prize is a remarkable recognition of the transformative potential of photobiophysics and of the importance of fundamental research at the interface between physics and biology.
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Our laboratories are equipped with steady state and time resolved spetroscopic methods which include UV-VIS spectrophotometers, FTIR, fluorimeter, laser flash photolysis, Fuorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS), time resolved photoacoustics and a fluorescence microscope for single-molecule localization microscopy. We have also access to the UniPR HPC supercomputing cluster. Details of available lab facilities.
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